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The ''Whydah Gally'' (commonly known simply as the ''Whydah'' or ''Whidah'', and rarely, written as ''Whidaw'', or ''Whido''), pronounced "wi-duh", was a fully rigged galley ship that was originally built as a passenger, cargo, and slave ship. On the return leg of its maiden voyage of the triangle trade, it began a new role in the Golden Age of Piracy, when it was captured by the pirate Captain Samuel "Black Sam" Bellamy, and was refitted as his flagship. Immediately heading northward, Bellamy captured a few more ships along the coast of Colonial America, and was caught up in a storm which heavily damaged the ''Whydah'' and broke one of its masts. Patch-ups and repairs were affected until they reached the waters near Nantucket Sound, where greater repairs were affected possibly at Block Island or Rhode Island. Two months later, the ''Whydah'' headed eastward out to open ocean and turned northward with a heading for Damarscove Island near Maine; but Bellamy ordered a course correction, taking the ship to the "elbow" of Cape Cod, and on 26 April 1717 they captured the ship ''Mary Anne'' with a hold full of Madeira wine. The captain of ''Mary Anne'' refused Bellamy's request to pilot them up the coast, so Bellamy arrested the captain and five of his crew and brought them aboard the ''Whydah'', leaving three of the original crew aboard ''Mary Anne''. Then Bellamy sent 7 of his own men onboard of ''Mary Anne'' - one of whom being the carpenter Thomas South who had been forced by Bellamy and his crew to make repairs; not wanting to join the pirate crew he had been offered release by Bellamy after work was completed, but the surviving pirates later testified to the court that they had over-ruled Bellamy's decision and forced South to stay due to his much whimpering and complaining. South testified that it was his choice to accompany the 6 pirates going aboard ''Mary Anne'' in hopes of escaping, possibly by jumping overboard and swimming ashore as they drew near to the Cape. Sometime around sunset that evening, the winds completely died, and a massive fog bank made visibility virtually impossible. The four ships in Bellamy's fleet lost sight of one another. Bellamy's ships ''Anne'' and ''Fisher'' moved out to sea (eventually making it to Damascove Island with heavy damage). Just after midnight, the ''Whydah'' was suddenly struck by an extremely powerful Nor'easter storm with the force of a Category-One hurricane. Running bow-first into a sandbar 16-feet deep at about 500 feet from the shore at what today is Marconi Beach of Wellfleet, she was battered by 30 to 40 feet waves. Within minutes the masts fell and the ship was pulled into 30 feet of water where she completely capsized, sending over of silver and gold, more than 60 cannons and 144 people to the ocean floor; with churning shoals and monstrous waves throwing many pieces of ''Whydah's'' shattered body, her rigging and sails, 102 human bodies, and thousands of objects across four miles of the beach. ''Mary Anne'' was also wrecked that night, ten miles south, being thrown by the waves on the beach at Pochet Island (po-chee ). Of the 146 souls aboard ''Whydah'', only two men (Welshman Thomas Davis and 18-year-old Central American Mosquito () Indian John Julian) are known to have made it to the beach alive; all seven of Bellamy's men and the three original crewmen from ''Mary Anne'' survived as well. Arrested by Justice Joseph Doane and his posse, they were all locked up in Barnstable Gaol (currently the oldest wooden jail house in United States), and then brought, by order of Governor Samuel Shute, to Boston for a nearly seven-month trial, after which six of the men would be executed by hanging, two set free, and one sold into slavery. The ''Whydah'' and her treasure eluded discovery for over 260 years until 1984, when the wreck was found – buried between 10 to 50 feet of sand, under water depths of 16 to 30 feet deep, spread four miles parallel to the Cape's coast. With the discovery of the ship's bell in 1985 and a small brass placard in 2013, both inscribed with the ship's name and maiden voyage date, the ''Whydah'' is the only fully authenticated Golden Age pirate shipwreck ever discovered.〔 ==Slave ship== ''Whydah'' was commissioned in 1715 in London, England, by Sir Humphrey Morice, a member of the British Parliament, known as 'the foremost London Slave merchant of his day'.〔1985 gathering of Atlantic Slave Trade Scholars at the University of Nantes〕 A square-rigged three-masted galley ship, it measured in length, with a tonnage rating at 300 tuns burthen, and could travel at speeds up to . Christened ''Whydah'' after the West African slave trading kingdom of Ouidah (pronounced ''WIH-dah''), the vessel was configured as a heavily armed trading and transport ship which included the Atlantic slave trade. It set out for its maiden voyage in early 1716, carrying a variety of goods from different businesses to exchange for delivery, trade, and slaves in West Africa. After traveling down West Africa through modern-day Gambia and Senegal to Nigeria and Benin, where its namesake port was located, it left Africa with an estimated 500 captives,〔Kenneth J. Kinkor, Project Historian, Whydah Pirate Museum〕 gold, including Akan jewelry, and ivory aboard. It traveled to the Caribbean, where it traded and sold the cargo and captives for precious metals, sugar, indigo, rum, logwood, pimento, ginger, and medicinal ingredients, which were to then be transported back to England. Fitted with a standard complement of 18 six-pound cannon, which could be increased to a total of 28 in time of war, ''Whydah'' represented one of the most advanced weapons systems of the time.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Whydah Gally」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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